Monthly Archives: February 2009

No “Real Schools” in The Canal Zone or Panama

An old Jamaican School in the early part
of the 20th century. Image thanks to
Peter L. Patrick

 

By the end of the decade of the 1920’s the racial discrimination both on the United States Panama Canal Zone and in the country of Panama would so impact the Westindians that the exiting of Westindian youth to live or study abroad with strangers and relatives would have become quite commonplace. Continue reading

The Problem of Assimilation and Education

Image is of Antillean Adventist University
in Mayaguez, Puerto Rico.
This one, like many other educational
institutions overseas, became attractive
to Westindian parents looking for
educational opportunities for their
children outside of Panama.

Since the inauguration of the Canal in 1914 the Silver People of Panama had headed into the two largest urban centers populating both ends of the great ditch. While the Americans had waged war on the European continent they, at the same time, had accomplished one of the largest construction projects left in the Republic of Panama all with the indispensable Westindian labor force to back them up. However, like most of the Spanish speaking people of the Central America and Caribbean area, the Silver People would be left out of the recognition and support concomitant with such a grand accomplishment. They would enter the urban barrios with no infrastructure or policies of acceptance, particularly for their increasing population of school age children.

Right from the start, in fact, during the following year (1915) the Panamanian Spanish speaking population would mount a fierce opposition to the Silver Westindians in their midst. The basis for their fierceness, however, seemed to be misdirected towards a people whose sacrifice and work could be embodied in their brand new national anthem whose poetic stanzas echoed, “Remember the past, Calvary and the Cross” and further on… “Onward with picks and shovels, to work without delay.” Our national anthem had always seemed to me to be directed at the multitude of our Westindian grandfathers and clashed dramatically with the sudden tide of rejection the Westindians would have to suffer.

“West Indians will not assimilate culturally into Panamanian culture,” would be the overriding excuse for the calculated program of repudiation- the “Mount Calvary” of humiliating incidences- that would ensue. The fact of the matter was that throughout most of the Black Westindian historical presence in Panama the Panamanian public school system would flatly refuse to admit the children and adolescents of Westindian ethnicity into their schools.

The youngsters and their parents would meet with an increasingly arrogant and consistently overwhelming attitude of harassment as they would patiently attempt to approach the school authorities to request matriculation of their children for the school year.

This hostile scenario would, understandably, give rise to motives enough for Westindian parents to ship their young children and adolescents off to boarding schools in other countries of the region. It gave rise, in fact, to many cases of Panamanian born students in countries such as Costa Rica, Mexico, the United States, England and even other places in parts of the West Indies.

This situation eventually gave rise to questions being asked by people in some of those host nations regarding Panamanians and their origins, “Are all Panamanians black like you?” So many of these Westindian children would find themselves growing up away from their homeland and starting out their educational careers in foreign countries while unwittingly becoming the largest representative group of the country of Panama to meet other youths outside of their country. Many people all over the world would begin to automatically identify the black Westindians as “the” Panamanians.

This story continues.

The Bloody Scenario

You are looking down from one of the
balconies in our building at Mariano Arosemena St..
The neighbors watched the entire bloody scene
unfold in our courtyard
from these same balconies over 60 years ago.


The day on which the whole neighborhood’s eyes would be turned on my mother would be another day of calamity for me, another shameful incident for us kids to have to endure. The Silver commissary caper had not yet subsided nor had its potential for disaster insured our safety as small children. Continue reading

Go to the Commissary…You Can Do It!

Images: Top: Avenida Central around 1940 shows the route of
the chivas that went into Santana and San Felipe.
Bottom: even into the 1960′s the same chivas were
being used in public transport.
Images thanks to CZimages.com


“Juni, come here!” my mother said one day with a note of urgency. When I immediately responded she said, “I want you to go to the commissary for me.” The “
for” is what triggered my incredulity as I could not believe that she was asking me to do this errand all by myself. During that time I had hardly left the confines of our neighborhood not even to go see my paternal grandmother or my mother’s aunt who both lived a little further up on our street. Going to the Silver commissary implied quite a distance clear out of our neighborhood into the area of Curundu. Continue reading

To Grow Up Spanish

Praying the Novena

During these times death would, once again, visit our barrio building coming, as it were, to take away the life of some youth. God only knows how we, my sister and I, had managed to survive to the ripe old ages of four and five but we had by God’s great mercy. Continue reading

Learning From Observing

Even today the “Silver Cemetery” at Corozal remains segregated.
In the foreground is the Silver side of the cemetery, in the background,
divided by the cyclone fencing, is the American “Gold” Roll cemetery.

The radio shows of the times made me into the individual that I am today. The abuse of my person by my relatives had come so early in my life and continued for so long after that I made every attempt to avoid them as much as I could. I often retreated into the world of radio personalities and shows to try to forget the periodic pummellings I would receive. Our neighbors and the people from the neighborhood around me also became my source of solace.

Even the plumber that came from time to time to fix some part of the heavily used common wet areas of the building would encourage me to hang around so that in the end I would have some knowledge of his trade. Every time he came he had some magic trick to peak my interest and he would do it over and over to keep me interested enjoying himself until, at last, he’d finish the job.

At any rate, writing had already become my interest and I would not find out how much I had learned to read and write until years later as I attempted to write assays or compositions as they called it in Spanish School. The isolation imposed on us had apparently done me some good, especially when my mother would sink into deeper depression as time would pass during my childhood experiences.

Although she was a dressmaker, as Westindians called that trade, my mother forbade me from even trying to learn anything about it in her presence. Evidently she was worried about my sexual identity since she would often tell me, “I don’t want you sewing, that’s for Maricón!” Never mind that I could have become an excellent tailor and draw a decent living from that vocation to support myself.

I would find the same attitude in my father Cobert who owned an automobile when very few Westindian men owned such an item. “Come with me,” he would order and I would accompany him quite docilely on his many excursions around the city and countryside and visits to his friends. However, he never did offer to teach me to drive even when he was forced, after his demotion, to become a chauffeur for a US Army Colonel on the Panama Canal Zone, a position he apparently disdained after having been the boss in one of the most efficiently run shops in the Engineering Division.

In fact, this became a pattern with all my paternal uncles as well, the attitude that they would refuse to teach me anything useful that they had any knowledge of, like how to get a job on the Canal Zone. Whether it was a conscious thing on their part or no, I could not say, but I noticed it readily enough from my very infancy. Other than the art of womanising, which I call pimping, the company of my Uncle Pinky, the uncle who I would most interact with, would turn rather abusive in that he would start to take advantage of me by making me work for him and not compensating me with even a small monetary encouragement during all the times that I would live with his mother and sisters.

It evolved for me into a kind of instinctive development of my deep inner self. Reading the signs of what I call an ingrained miserly personality would keep me from becoming totally dishonest and resort to stealing and assorted skulduggery as a way of getting back at them all.

“Who had been their father?” I would often ask myself. “What kind of man is this who had mistreated his children so much that they, in turn, would come to abuse and neglect their own children?” The years would pass without me finding the answer to these profound questions about my paternal grandfather. It seemed to me that it was as though those people, his offspring, wanted to forget him as soon as possible. It would not be until many years later that they would speak freely about those times in the life of their father and even a little before he suddenly passed away. Where he is buried is a mystery to me even until this very day.

I do remember them talking about bouts of anger and rage in my grandfather – their father. It seemed like he would experience bouts of frustration that would at times surface when he’d experience, for instance, having to remain at home recuperating from work injuries. Those to me were frustrated reactions to his plight regarding his hurt self esteem. Over twenty years of hard labor on that Canal Zone would not be enough for that Silver Man. Neither would it be enough, as it turned out, for any one of his descendants except for me, one of his second generation, who would experience the brunt of child abuse and neglect and still go on to receive a college education.

In my estimation of The Silver People of the first generation Black Canal Zone whose behavior I did have an opportunity to observe, I would find an alienated people who would manifest their frustrations and fears in demonstrative, quarrelsome, often abusive ways- strange and angry animals, in my opinion; creatures only known to exist in the far flung Australian continent known as “Tasmanian Devils,” whose very nature is one of aggression and irritability.

It may have seemed an unkind comparison but, as one of the targets of their anger, I began to really ponder and dread the day that I would have to follow them to their resting places at the segregated Silver Cemeteries on the banks of the Panama Canal or in Brooklyn, New York.

This story continues.